ALKANET, ALKANNA, DYER’S ALKANET (Alkanna tinctoria Tausch) X

ALKANET, ALKANNA, DYER’S ALKANET
(Alkanna tinctoria Tausch) X

Synonyms — A. lehmanii (Tineo) A. DC., A. tuberculata (Forssk.) Meikle, Anchusa bracteolata
Viv., A. tuberculata Forssk., Lithospermum lehmanii Tineo
Activities (Alkanet) — Amebicide (1; FNF); Antibacterial (1; PHR); Antiseptic (1; PH2; PNC);
Astringent (1; LAF; PNC); Candidicide (1; PHR; PH2); Carcinogenic (1; FNF; PHR; PH2); CNSDepressant
(1; FNF); Curare (1; FNF); Emollient (f; EFS); Genotoxic (1; CAN; FNF); Hepatotoxic
(1; CAN; PHR; PH2); Immunomodulator (1; LAF); Immunosuppressant (1; LAF); Neurotoxic (1;
FNF); Paralytic (1; FNF); Vulnerary (f; BIS; PNC).
Indications (Alkanet) — Abscess (f; LAF); Ameba (1; FNF); Bacteria (1; PH2); Burn (1; FNF);
Cancer (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; FNF; JLH); Candida (1; PHR; PH2); Decubitis (1; FNF);
Dermatosis (f; PHR; PH2); Diarrhea (f; PHR; PH2); EBV (1; FNF); Indolent Ulcer (1; PH2; PNC);
Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (1; FNF); Leukemia (1; FNF); Snakebite (f; PNC); Sore (1;
LAF); Staphylococcus (1; PH2); Ulcus cruris (2; PHR); Uterosis (f; JLH); Virus (1; FNF); Wound
(1; PH2); Yeast (1; PHR; PH2).
Dosages (Alkanet) — No more than 0.1 μg pyrrolizidine alkaloids with 1.2 necine framework and
their N-oxides (PH2).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Alkanet) — AHP Class 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. Longterm
use discouraged. Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Effective July 1996, the AHP Board
of Trustees recommends that all products with botanical ingredient(s) that contain toxic PAs,
including Borago officinalis, display the following cautionary statement on the label: “For external
use only. Do not apply to broken or abraded skin. Do not use when nursing” (AHP). PAs are
genotoxic, carcinogenic, and hepatotoxic (CAN). Due to the PAs, alkanet use in pregnancy and
lactation is to be avoided (JAD). Consolicine & Consolidine: CNS-Paralytic (3 × cynoglossine)
(PHR). Dietary alkannin for 15 weeks at 1% of diet nontoxic in mice (LAF). Shikonin immunomodulatory
at low doses, immunosuppressant at high doses.

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